ABSTRACT
Cattle can be considered as an important source for herbicides through nutrition. Therefore, herbicide residue in animal products is a potential human exposure to herbicides causing public health problems in human life. Triazines are a group of herbicides primarily used to control broadleaf weeds in corn and other feed ingredients and are considered as possible human carcinogens. To evaluate trace residue of these pollutants molecular imprinted solid phase extraction [MISPE] method has been developed, using biological samples. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of 45 Holstein cows in 3 commercial dairy farms in Khuzestan Province, Iran. Urine samples were also taken from the cows. The mean +/- SD concentrations of atrazine in serum and urine samples of the study group [0.739 +/- 0.567 ppm and 1.389 +/- 0.633 ppm, respectively] were higher [P < 0.05] than the concentrations in serum and urine samples of the control group [0.002 +/- 0.005 ppm and 0.012 +/- 0.026 ppm, respectively]. Atrazine in the feed ingredients ingested by cattle could be transferred into the biological samples and consequently can be considered as a potential hazard for the public health
Subject(s)
Animals , Atrazine/toxicity , Cattle , Herbicides/adverse effects , Meat Products , Triazines/adverse effects , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Public Health , Food ContaminationABSTRACT
Atrazina é um herbicida muito usado em agricultura intensiva e encontrado com alta freqüência em recursos hídricos na região do Pantanal Mato-grossense. Assim, devido aos riscos que a atrazina pode trazer à ictiofauna da região, foi proposta deste trabalho determinar a CL50 da atrazina em alevinos de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). A determinação da CL50 em 96 h em sistema estático, realizada em duplicata, foi conduzida em aquários de vidro com 8 peixes cada, de peso médio de 5,06±0,31g, avaliando-se as seguintes concentrações nominais de atrazina: 0; 13,2; 17,6; 22,0; 26,4; 30,8; 35,2; 39,6 mg L-1, realizando-se também análise comportamental e análise anatomopatológica. Experimento de intoxicação aguda foi realizado em duplicata, nas mesmas condições do anterior, com a concentração da CL50 obtida (28,58 mg L-1), sendo empregados 6 exemplares de peso médio 6,68±0,36g. Amostras hepáticas e mesonéfricas foram colhidas e processadas para análise de microscopia de luz (ML), realizando-se nestas amostras análise semi-quantitativa das alterações encontradas, e para análise de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET). Quanto à avaliação comportamental, foram observados nos grupos tratados: o escurecimento da pigmentação da pele, várias alterações na intensidade do movimento, perda de equilíbrio e presença da ação de boquejamento. Na avaliação anatomopatológica, foram observadas nos grupos tratados: dilatação da região ventral, exoftalmia, protrusão labial, hiperemia no opérculo e em todas as nadadeiras, presença de ar e/ou água no estômago e ascite sanguinolenta...
Exposure to atrazine caused darkening of the skin, alterations in the intensity of movements, loss of balance and an increase in the frequency of gasping. Anatomopathological assessment revealed dilation of the ventral region, exophthalmia, lip protrusion, skin hyperemia in the opercular region and in all fins, the presence of air and/or water in the stomach, and bloody ascites after the herbicide exposition. The histopathological analysis revealed the typical hepatic and renal morphology for the specie, in control group. Several histopathological changes were observed in exposed fish, but the changes most significant were: in liver, the presence of hyaline inclusions in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, and proximal tubule (PT) degeneration in the kidney. The ultrastructure showed that the atrazine caused several membrane alterations suggestive of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation...
Subject(s)
Animals , Atrazine/toxicity , Poisoning , Poisoning/diagnosis , Fishes/classificationABSTRACT
The use of chemical pesticides and herbicides has increased environmental pollution and affected ichthyofauna in the watersheds where they are used.We studied the effect of an herbicide, triazine, on the kidneys of two species (Caquetaia kraussii and Colossoma macropomum )widely found in Caribbean and South American rivers.In Venezuela,these species are abundant and have a high aquaculture potential because they may be cultured and reproduced in captivity.Four kidney samples from juveniles of each species exposed to the herbicide were examined by Transmission Electron Microscopy.Kidney tubule alterations included loss of plasmalemma and cell interdigitations, misshaped mitochondria,decrease in rough endoplasmic reticulum and free polysomes,and the presence of autophagic vacuoles and primary lysosomes.These alterations at the cellular level may explain fish behaviour in terms of kidney tubule pathology,and relative amounts and conditions of organelles within affected cells
Subject(s)
Animals , Atrazine/toxicity , Fisheries , Fishes , Herbicides/toxicity , Kidney/drug effects , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Atrazine/analysis , Biomarkers/analysis , Cichlids , Herbicides/analysis , Kidney Tubules/chemistry , Kidney Tubules/drug effects , Kidney/chemistry , Kidney/ultrastructure , Mitochondria/chemistry , Mitochondria/drug effects , VenezuelaABSTRACT
Embryos of the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to serial concentrations of atrazine (0, 25, 50, and 100 ppm) and arsenic trioxide (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 ppm) until hatching. Stasis of circulation, blood islands, titanic convulsions, tube heart and mortality were observed in atrazine-treated embryos. Each endpoint exhibited a concentration-response relationship. Only 4% of the embryos hatched in the 25 ppm, and none in the 50 and 100 ppm, probably due to cell death attributed to the embryos' inability to break from the chorion. With arsenic exposure, hatching was inversely correlated to chemical concentration: 86%, 75% and 54% for 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 ppm, respectively. Hatching periods were also reduced from 7-13 days in controls to 7-11 days in arsenic-treated embryos. This observation was more pronounced with the 0.05 ppm concentration, showing a reduction of about 4 days. Despite this shortage in hatching time, there were no observable morphological abnormalities, as seen with atrazine. The ecological significance of these findings and implications for the development of sublethal toxicity tests using Japanese medaka embryos are important.